Every scientifically-validated route to carbon drawdown and avoidance — from ancient forests, peatlands and blue carbon to direct air capture, enhanced rock weathering and hybrid biochar systems. Governed by three independent Teravent Standards: TNS v1.0, TTS v1.0 and THS v1.0.
New forest establishment, degraded-land restoration, assisted natural regeneration
ARR projects establish or restore tree cover on lands that have been without forest for at least 10 years. Activities range from afforestation on bare degraded land and reforestation of cleared areas to assisted natural regeneration (ANR) and commercial plantations with verified carbon co-benefits.
Teravent's TNS v1.0 Annex A governs five ARR methodology types. All projects require allometric biomass measurement, stratified soil organic carbon sampling, and a minimum 20% buffer pool contribution to protect against fire, pest, and drought reversals.
Silvopasture, alley cropping, homegardens, riparian buffers, windbreaks
Agroforestry deliberately integrates trees within cropland and pastoral systems, sequestering carbon in tree biomass and soils while maintaining agricultural productivity. Teravent credits both biomass carbon and soil organic carbon where baseline land was cropland or degraded pasture.
Under TNS v1.0 Annex B, five agroforestry methodologies are eligible. A default 10% leakage deduction applies unless the project documents that no production displacement has occurred, in which case the TSA may waive the deduction.
Cover cropping, no-till farming, compost application, grassland restoration
Agricultural soil carbon projects increase soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks through improved land management practices. Teravent requires rigorous direct soil sampling — minimum one composite sample per 2 ha — with bulk density measurement and laboratory analysis at each verification cycle.
TNS v1.0 Annex C governs five soil carbon methodologies. Class I Biological permanence applies; projects must contribute 20–40% of gross verified credits to the Buffer Pool and maintain a legal commitment to improved practices for the full crediting period.
Riparian, savanna, dryland, and upland forest restoration using reference ecosystems
Ecosystem restoration projects actively recover the structure, function, and carbon stocks of degraded terrestrial systems. A reference ecosystem approach is mandatory: intact or recovered sites representing the target ecosystem must be identified to validate the carbon stock trajectory modelled for the project.
TNS v1.0 Annex D covers four ecosystem types. Savanna and dryland projects must include a fire management plan. Ecological integrity indicators — vegetation cover, species richness, invasive species, soil health, and hydrological function — are monitored alongside carbon stocks.
Avoided deforestation, avoided conversion, protected area management, REDD+ equivalent
Conservation projects generate Teravent Nature Credits by preventing the deforestation or degradation of ecosystems at demonstrable risk of conversion. A spatial threat model using minimum 10-metre resolution remote sensing must document historical deforestation rates and active drivers — agricultural expansion, logging concessions, or infrastructure — over at least 10 years.
TNS v1.0 Annex E applies a 20–40% market leakage deduction for timber and agricultural commodity supply effects. Activity-shifting leakage is separately assessed. Indigenous and community stewardship projects (BIO-M05) are eligible for the Teravent Indigenous Stewardship co-benefit label.
Coastal ecosystem restoration and conservation; tidal wetland conservation
Blue carbon ecosystems sequester carbon at rates up to 10× faster per hectare than terrestrial forests. Sediment organic carbon — the dominant carbon store in coastal systems — must be sampled by systematic coring to a minimum depth of 100 cm. CH₄ and N₂O fluxes from sediments must be measured or accounted for using TSA-approved default adjustment factors.
TNS v1.0 Annex F covers four blue carbon methodologies. Hydrological integrity is mandatory: projects must demonstrate that tidal inundation conditions appropriate for the target ecosystem are or will be restored. The Water+ and Indigenous Stewardship co-benefit labels are frequently applicable to blue carbon projects in coastal communities.
Peatland rewetting, paludiculture, avoided peat drainage, freshwater wetland restoration
Peatlands store approximately twice as much carbon as all the world's forests combined despite covering only 3% of land area. Rewetting degraded peatlands reduces CO₂ emissions from peat oxidation — quantified using water table depth as a proxy variable — while CH₄ increases from rewetting must be measured and deducted from net GHG benefit.
TNS v1.0 Annex G requires water table gauges at minimum one per 10 ha and LiDAR or ground-penetrating radar for peat depth mapping. Subsidence monitoring using surface elevation tables is mandatory. Severely degraded peatlands with lowered water tables carry high fire risk; fire management protocols are required.
Extended rotation forestry, reduced-impact logging, conversion to sustainable systems
IFM projects generate credits by changing forest management practices to increase carbon stocks above baseline harvest levels. The baseline must reflect the most plausible management under the applicable legally-approved forest management plan, using a minimum 10 years of historical harvest records.
TNS v1.0 Annex H requires harvested wood product (HWP) accounting, including product mix tracking and TSA-approved half-life values by product category. Market leakage deductions of 20–40% apply where the project forest supplies more than 5% of regional timber demand.
Solid sorbents, liquid solvents, electrochemical DAC, geological and basalt mineralisation storage
DACCS uses engineered sorbent or solvent systems to chemically bind CO₂ from ambient air at atmospheric concentration. Captured CO₂ is permanently stored via geological injection or basalt mineralisation. DAC credits are TTC-R Removal Credits — the highest-quality designation in the Teravent system.
TTS v1.0 Annex A requires continuous mass flow metering at ±2% accuracy at the capture unit outlet. Projects powered entirely by verified renewable or nuclear energy are eligible for the Zero Fossil Input quality label. Basalt mineralisation storage must demonstrate carbonate conversion within 20 years of injection via XRD analysis.
Biomass power + CCS, bioethanol + CO₂ capture, biomass gasification + CCS
BECCS captures biogenic CO₂ from biomass combustion or conversion processes and stores it geologically, producing net negative emissions because the biomass absorbed atmospheric CO₂ during growth. Biogenic and fossil CO₂ must be disaggregated throughout accounting — biogenic capture generates TTC-R Removal Credits, fossil co-firing generates TTC-D Reduction Credits.
TTS v1.0 Annex B requires biomass feedstock to meet Teravent Sustainable Biomass Criteria (TSBC): not sourced from primary forest or peatland; land use change GHG emissions below 35 gCO₂e/MJ; and sustainable supply certification. Carbon isotope analysis (¹³C/¹²C ratio) verifies the biogenic fraction at minimum once per monitoring period per fuel type.
Post-combustion, pre-combustion, oxy-fuel capture from cement, steel, hydrogen, power
CCUS captures CO₂ from industrial flue gases before it is emitted to atmosphere. Credits are TTC-D Reduction Credits — avoided industrial emissions rather than atmospheric removal. Eligible sources include cement and lime production, iron and steel, chemical and petrochemical plants, hydrogen production, and large-scale power generation.
TTS v1.0 Annex C requires baseline emission intensity to be measured from actual fuel consumption and feedstock carbon content, updated at each annual verification. Capture efficiency must exceed 90% for full crediting; the uncaptured fraction is excluded. Industrial facilities deploying CCUS must include a Just Transition Plan for affected workers in the PDD.
Basalt on cropland, silicate rock powder, coastal mineral dissolution
ERW accelerates natural silicate mineral weathering: crushed rocks dissolve in soil water, releasing alkalinity that sequesters CO₂ as stable dissolved bicarbonate ultimately transferred to the ocean. ERW offers true geological permanence — once mineralised, carbon is stable on million-year timescales. Soil pH amelioration and nutrient supply provide compelling agricultural co-benefits.
TTS v1.0 Annex D approves three quantification approaches: cation flux monitoring (Ca, Mg, Si in soil drainage water), strontium or lithium isotopic tracing to distinguish rock-derived alkalinity, or approved geochemical models calibrated against 12+ months of field data. A conservative 10% deduction applies unless site-specific uncertainty is below 10% at 90% confidence.
CO₂ injection into basaltic formations, mine tailings carbonation, alkaline residue carbonation
In-situ mineralisation injects CO₂ into reactive subsurface geological formations where it is converted to stable solid carbonate minerals through geochemical reactions. Basaltic rock formations — rich in calcium, magnesium, and iron silicates — are the primary target, enabling carbonate conversion within 20 years of injection rather than relying solely on physical trapping.
TTS v1.0 Annex E requires a Site Characterisation Report demonstrating mineral reactivity, permeability, and geomechanical stability before validation. Mineralisation progress is verified by XRD analysis of monitoring well core samples and geochemical analysis of monitoring well fluids at each verification event.
Steel slag carbonation, cement kiln dust, fly ash mineralisation, mine tailings carbonation
Industrial waste mineralisation accelerates carbonation of alkaline industrial by-products by exposing them to CO₂-rich gas streams, permanently locking carbon into stable carbonate phases. Credits are TTC-D Reduction Credits. Feedstock must be verified as genuine waste from a third-party industrial process that would not have been carbonated absent the project.
TTS v1.0 Annex F requires XRD analysis of carbonated products per batch confirming carbonate mineral phases, plus mass balance of input CO₂ versus measured off-gas concentration to calculate carbonation efficiency. Feedstock reclassification from waste to a tradeable product triggers an additionality re-assessment.
Saline aquifer injection, depleted reservoir storage, storage component for DACCS/BECCS/CCUS
Geological storage injects CO₂ in supercritical form into formations at depths exceeding 800 metres — deep saline aquifers or depleted oil and gas reservoirs — where physical and geochemical trapping mechanisms provide permanent containment. TTS v1.0 Annex G governs standalone storage projects and serves as the mandatory storage protocol for DACCS, BECCS, CCUS, and bio-oil projects.
A Site Characterisation Report demonstrating reservoir capacity, caprock integrity, and 100-year pressure migration modelling is required before validation. Post-closure monitoring continues for a minimum of 30 years after injection ceases. Annual surface CO₂ flux surveys, microseismic monitoring, and groundwater quality sampling in overlying aquifers are mandatory throughout.
Fast pyrolysis bio-oil injection into geological formations at depth exceeding 500 m
Bio-oil geological storage produces carbon-rich liquid bio-oil from sustainable biomass through fast pyrolysis and injects it into geological formations at depths exceeding 500 metres. Bio-oil contains approximately 50–60% carbon by mass. Net lifecycle GHG emissions must be negative for project eligibility — a full LCA per Teravent LCA Protocol TLP v1.0 is required.
TTS v1.0 Annex H requires CHNS elemental analysis of bio-oil at minimum one sample per 200 tonnes produced to verify carbon content. Groundwater quality monitoring for organic compound contamination — BTEX, phenols, PAHs — in overlying aquifers is mandatory annually, adapted from the Annex G geological storage monitoring framework.
Carbon fibre from CO₂, graphene and carbon black, structural carbon construction products
Synthetic carbon material projects electrochemically or thermochemically convert captured CO₂ into stable solid carbon products — carbon fibre, graphene, carbon black, and structural composites — with verified service lives exceeding 50 years. Carbon source determines credit type: atmospheric or biogenic CO₂ feedstock generates TTC-R; fossil industrial CO₂ generates TTC-D.
TTS v1.0 Annex I requires a Product Lifetime Assessment (PLA) at validation demonstrating 50+ year service life, plus an End-of-Life Carbon Management Plan ensuring product disposal does not release CO₂ within the TTC durability period. CHNS elemental analysis per production batch verifies carbon content.
CO₂ mineralisation during precast curing, carbonated aggregates, SCM-blended concrete
CO₂ concrete curing injects CO₂ into fresh concrete during the curing process, where it reacts with calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) phases to form stable calcium carbonate minerals. The process simultaneously sequesters carbon and can enhance concrete compressive strength. CO₂ sourced from atmospheric or biogenic capture generates TTC-R; fossil industrial CO₂ generates TTC-D.
TTS v1.0 Annex J requires mass balance of CO₂ injected versus chamber off-gas to calculate net mineralised fraction, plus XRD analysis of cured concrete — minimum five core samples per 500 m³ — confirming calcite content. Structural service life determines durability: minimum 50 years required for Class III designation.
Lime and calcium hydroxide addition, olivine dissolution, electrochemical alkalinity generation
OAE increases seawater alkalinity to drive atmospheric CO₂ uptake through inorganic carbonate chemistry. The ocean absorbs approximately 30% of annual anthropogenic CO₂ emissions; OAE accelerates this by adding alkaline materials or electrochemically generating alkalinity. A mandatory 15% conservative deduction is applied to all OAE projects given ocean chemistry quantification uncertainties.
TTS v1.0 Annex K requires total alkalinity (TA) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) measured at treatment and paired control sites for net CO₂ uptake attribution. Independent marine ecology surveys by qualified marine scientists are required at each annual verification to assess impacts on native communities, calcifying organisms, and water quality.
Bipolar membrane electrodialysis, seawater electrolysis for CO₂ stripping
Electrochemical ocean CDR uses bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BPMED) or direct seawater electrolysis to remove dissolved inorganic carbon from seawater, enabling the ocean to absorb additional atmospheric CO₂. All extracted CO₂ must be permanently stored via geological injection or mineral carbonation — temporary venting to atmosphere is not permitted.
This is a pre-commercial pathway (TRL 4–7) eligible for the Teravent Frontier Technology designation. Enhanced requirements apply: mandatory TSA Technical Advisory Panel methodology review before validation, annual independent scientific review of all monitoring data, and mandatory reporting of any technology failures or unexpected ecological effects within 30 days.
Agricultural residue, woody biomass, sewage sludge, and co-composting biochar pathways
Biochar projects pyrolyse sustainable biomass under limited oxygen to produce highly stable pyrogenic carbon with a mean residence time of 100–1,000+ years in soil. The biological component is the soil system receiving and stabilising biochar; the technology component is the engineered pyrolysis reactor. All biochar must meet Teravent Biochar Quality Criteria (TBQC): H/Corg ≤ 0.7, minimum 50% carbon content, and heavy metal concentrations below Teravent Maximum Contaminant Levels.
THS v1.0 Annex A applies the Teravent Biochar Stability Assessment Protocol: biochar with H/Corg < 0.4 achieves high stability (MRT > 1,000 years); pyrolysis temperatures exceeding 500°C are presumed to achieve this threshold without additional analysis, subject to VVB confirmation.
Basalt spreading on cropland, wollastonite application, integrated soil amendment programmes
Enhanced weathering on agricultural land accelerates silicate mineral dissolution in the farm soil environment to drive atmospheric CO₂ removal. The agricultural ecosystem is the biological component providing the weathering context; the technology component is the quarrying, crushing, and application of minerals at rates far exceeding natural weathering. This is a Class III Mineral pathway.
THS v1.0 Annex B follows the same three quantification approaches as TTS Annex D (cation flux, isotopic tracing, geochemical model) but with additional crop system modelling for root respiration and soil pH effects on dissolution rates. The Soil Health+ and Food Security+ co-benefit labels are frequently applicable given pH amelioration and nutrient supply co-benefits.
Silvopastoral systems + biochar, tree-crop systems with biochar soil amendment
Agroforestry with biochar integrates the tree biomass and soil organic carbon sequestration of agroforestry systems with the high-stability pyrogenic carbon of biochar soil amendments. Both components are integral to project design — additionality must be demonstrated for the combined hybrid system, not merely one element.
THS v1.0 Annex C requires allometric biomass measurement per tree species and region, soil organic carbon sampling, and biochar quality verification per TBQC at each production batch. Leakage assessment must consider displacement of food production from any land converted to integrated systems.
Integrated soil health management, precision nutrient, water-smart irrigation, intercropping with dMRV
Climate-smart agriculture projects combine improved agricultural management with digital MRV technology (remote sensing, IoT soil sensors, AI-optimised management platforms) to enable carbon credit issuance at scales and precisions not achievable by conventional plot-based sampling alone. The technology component is necessary for the carbon accounting — not merely optional.
THS v1.0 Annex D requires dMRV technology to be independently validated against minimum 50 reference plots per 1,000 ha before registration. Cross-calibration against direct soil sampling occurs annually. Machine learning models must have published accuracy metrics. N₂O emission reductions from precision nutrient management are credited as a secondary benefit.
Holistic planned grazing, rotational grazing + MRV, reduced stocking density with sensor network
Managed grazing projects improve grassland soil carbon through rotational and holistic grazing regimes, verified by digital MRV platforms including GPS livestock tracking, satellite NDVI vegetation monitoring, and in-situ soil sensor networks. The technology component materially improves the precision and verifiability of grazing-driven carbon outcomes beyond what unmonitored grazing improvement could achieve.
THS v1.0 Annex E requires quantification and deduction of enteric fermentation methane using Teravent Livestock Emission Table factors (updated annually). Projects demonstrating verified reductions in enteric methane through dietary supplements or breed selection may credit these reductions within the project boundary.
Remote sensing + soil carbon models, IoT sensor-based monitoring, integrated dMRV platforms
Precision soil carbon management projects deploy dMRV technology as the primary mechanism enabling verifiable soil carbon credits at landscape scale. The distinguishing hybrid characteristic is that the technology MRV component is the foundation of the carbon accounting, not merely supplementary. Any improved land management practice may qualify provided it is combined with a validated dMRV platform.
THS v1.0 Annex F requires the dMRV technology to be independently validated before project registration, with spatial prediction uncertainty quantified at 90% CI. Where systematic bias exceeds 10% at annual cross-calibration, the model must be recalibrated before further credit issuance.
Constructed treatment wetlands, floating wetland islands, hybrid engineered-natural systems
Engineered wetland projects create or restore wetland ecosystems through purpose-built water control infrastructure — constructed channels, pump systems, water control structures — that creates or maintains wetland conditions beyond what natural hydrology alone would sustain. CH₄ emissions from anaerobic sediment decomposition must be measured and deducted; net GHG benefit is only creditable where CH₄ and N₂O are confirmed to be less than carbon sequestration in CO₂ equivalent terms.
THS v1.0 Annex G requires systematic sediment coring (minimum 1 core per 0.5 ha for constructed wetlands) at project commencement and each verification. Sediment accretion rates are monitored using surface elevation tables or marker horizons. Seasonal CH₄ and N₂O chamber measurements are mandatory.
Woody biomass burial, agricultural residue burial, subaqueous biomass burial
Biomass burial harvests surplus biomass and buries it in engineered anaerobic conditions — sealed terrestrial trenches or subaqueous placement in deep anoxic environments — to prevent biological decomposition and create long-term carbon storage. The biological component is the photosynthetically-fixed carbon in harvested biomass; the technology component is the engineered burial system.
THS v1.0 Annex H requires CHNS elemental analysis per biomass batch, GPS-registered burial site coordinates in the TCR, and annual surface CH₄ flux surveys at burial sites. Stability factors range from 0.85–0.95 for confirmed anaerobic terrestrial burial and 0.80–0.95 for subaqueous burial in confirmed anoxic environments.
Bamboo plantation + long-lived products, bamboo-derived biochar, standing biomass accumulation
Bamboo is a hybrid pathway because the fast biological carbon accumulation in living bamboo is complemented by industrial processing that extends effective storage beyond the biological half-life of un-harvested culms. Three methodology routes are available: processing into long-lived building products, conversion to biochar per TBQC, or managed plantation with deferred harvest.
THS v1.0 Annex I uses bamboo-specific allometric equations for culm biomass by age class, plus species-specific root-to-shoot ratios for belowground biomass. Natural culm mortality and decomposition rates must be deducted for BAM-M03 standing biomass projects. Product service life determines the durability class for BAM-M01.
Urban tree planting programmes, green roofs and walls, urban parkland and greenway expansion
Urban green carbon infrastructure combines the biological carbon sequestration of urban vegetation — street trees, parks, green roofs, green walls — with engineered built environment integration and GPS-tracked precision monitoring that enables verifiable carbon accounting at urban landscape scale. A minimum of 10 ha of managed urban green area is required, or an equivalent portfolio.
THS v1.0 Annex J requires GPS-tracked tree inventories for all street trees with species, DBH, height, and condition recorded. A minimum 15% urban tree mortality risk deduction is applied to account for urban stress and replacement cycles. Remote sensing canopy cover (NDVI) across the project area is verified annually.
Slow pyrolysis for energy and biochar co-production, gasification with char soil application
Bioenergy + biochar systems use pyrolysis or gasification to simultaneously generate bioenergy and produce biochar as a co-product, with biochar applied to soil for carbon sequestration. Only the biochar carbon fraction generates Teravent Hybrid Credits (THCs) under THS Annex K; the energy fraction returns to the atmosphere through combustion and is not credited.
A separate TTC-D Reduction Credit may be claimed for fossil fuel displacement from bioenergy generation under TTS v1.0 Annex C — separate registration tracks must be maintained with no double-counting of the same tonne of carbon. All biochar must meet TBQC. Feedstock must meet Teravent Sustainable Biomass Criteria (TSBC).
Mass timber (CLT/Glulam), hempcrete, carbon-cured blocks, mycelium composites
Carbon-negative building materials incorporate biological carbon — from sustainably harvested timber, hemp, agricultural fibres, or mycelium — into engineered building products where embodied carbon stored over the structure's service life exceeds GHG emissions from production. Credits are issued at point of manufacture based on verified product carbon content by CHNS analysis.
THS v1.0 Annex L requires a Product Lifetime Assessment at validation demonstrating minimum 50-year service life, supported by engineering assessments. No ongoing monitoring of individual buildings is required; the product manufacturer maintains sales records by application category at each verification event.
Open-ocean seaweed farming and sinking, seaweed composting, seaweed biochar production
Seaweed and macroalgae cultivation projects combine biological photosynthetic carbon fixation in cultivated macroalgae with engineered cultivation infrastructure and deliberate sinking, composting, or pyrolysis for carbon storage. A mandatory 20% conservative deduction applies due to uncertainties in sinking efficiency and deep-ocean decomposition rates, in addition to standard uncertainty deductions.
THS v1.0 Annex M requires independent marine ecology surveys annually to assess impacts on native macroalgae communities, entanglement risks, nutrient cycling, and heavy metal uptake. SWD-M01 sinking projects seeking reduced conservative deductions must provide independent oceanographic verification of sinking efficiency from deep-ocean tracer studies.
Terra preta / anthropogenic dark earth creation, engineered soil blends for maximum SOC
Constructed soil carbon systems engineer soil from the substrate up to maximise carbon sequestration capacity, combining designed soil blends — high organic matter, mineral amendments, biochar, and microbial inoculants — with biological cultivation and precision monitoring. Applicable to degraded sites, urban soils, post-industrial land, and purpose-built carbon farming systems.
THS v1.0 Annex N requires a Soil Design Report (SDR) at validation documenting the engineered soil blend formulation, expected SOC sequestration trajectory, and permanence risk assessment. SOC must be monitored at defined depths (10 cm, 30 cm, 60 cm) at permanent monitoring plots with bulk density measured at each depth increment.
Key attributes across all registered pathways to guide project developers and credit buyers in their decision-making.
| Pathway | Category | Scale Potential | Durability | MRV Confidence | Co-Benefits | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 🌳 ARR | Nature | Active | ||||
| 🌾 Agroforestry | Nature | Active | ||||
| 🌱 Agriculture & Soil Carbon | Nature | Active | ||||
| 🌲 Ecosystem Restoration | Nature | Active | ||||
| 🦋 Biodiversity Conservation | Nature | Active | ||||
| 🌊 Blue Carbon | Nature | Active | ||||
| 🌿 Peatland & Wetland | Nature | Active | ||||
| 🌲 Improved Forest Management | Nature | Active | ||||
| ⚡ Direct Air Capture (DACCS) | Technology | Scaling | ||||
| 🌿 BECCS | Technology | Emerging | ||||
| 🏭 CCUS | Technology | Scaling | ||||
| 🪨 Enhanced Rock Weathering | Technology | Scaling | ||||
| 🔬 In-situ Mineralisation | Technology | Emerging | ||||
| ♻️ Industrial Waste Mineralisation | Technology | Scaling | ||||
| 🌏 Geologic CO₂ Storage | Technology | Scaling | ||||
| 🔥 Bio-oil Geological Storage | Technology | Emerging | ||||
| ⚗️ Synthetic Carbon Materials | Technology | Emerging | ||||
| 🧱 CO₂ Concrete Curing | Technology | Scaling | ||||
| 🌫️ Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement | Technology | Emerging | ||||
| 🔌 Electrochemical Ocean CDR | Technology | Emerging | ||||
| 🔥 Biochar Production & Soil | Hybrid | Scaling | ||||
| 🌾 Enhanced Weathering (Ag.) | Hybrid | Scaling | ||||
| 🌳 Agroforestry with Biochar | Hybrid | Active | ||||
| 🌾 Climate-Smart Agriculture | Hybrid | Active | ||||
| 🐄 Managed Grazing + Monitoring | Hybrid | Active | ||||
| 📡 Precision Soil Carbon Mgmt | Hybrid | Active | ||||
| 💧 Engineered Wetlands | Hybrid | Active | ||||
| 🪵 Biomass Burial | Hybrid | Emerging | ||||
| 🎋 Bamboo Carbon Systems | Hybrid | Active | ||||
| 🌆 Urban Green Infrastructure | Hybrid | Active | ||||
| ⚡ Bioenergy + Biochar | Hybrid | Scaling | ||||
| 🏗️ Carbon-Negative Buildings | Hybrid | Scaling | ||||
| 🌊 Seaweed & Macroalgae | Hybrid | Emerging | ||||
| 🌱 Constructed Soil Systems | Hybrid | Emerging |
Every methodology applied to Teravent undergoes a formal review by our Science Advisory Board before being accepted. We apply consistent criteria regardless of pathway type.
Emerging pathways with strong scientific foundations may be accepted under a provisional status while standards continue to develop - ensuring Teravent can support frontier science without compromising credit integrity.
The underlying removal mechanism must be supported by published, peer-reviewed literature and accepted within the climate science community.
Carbon removal must be measurable using defined protocols with acceptable uncertainty bounds, validated by independent parties.
Removal must be permanent, or durability risk must be explicitly quantified and managed through approved buffer pool mechanisms.
Projects must demonstrate additionality - carbon removed above baseline - and not cause displacement of emissions elsewhere.
No methodology may pose unacceptable risks to ecosystem integrity or local community wellbeing. All co-benefit and risk assessments are mandatory.
"We accept methodologies based on the quality of evidence, not the popularity of the pathway. No commercial pressure should override scientific integrity."Dr. Sunley Lissy George, Science Advisory Board Chair
Join the growing community of developers bringing high-integrity carbon removal to the Teravent Registry - from the Global South and beyond.